P - Intellectual property: Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. IP is divided into two categories: Industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and Copyright, which includes literary and artistic works such as novels, poems and plays, films, musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and architectural designs. Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and those of broadcasters in their radio and television programs. Since intellectual property is intangible, it is more difficult to protect than other types of property. For example, tangible property, such as a car, can be recovered or replaced if it is stolen. However, if intellectual property is stolen, it may be difficult to recover. Say for example, a person comes up with a great idea for a new invention. If someone else steals the idea, the potential profit of the invention may also be taken away. Similarly, if a digital recording of a new song is "leaked" on the Internet, thousands of people may download it and redistribute it to others. If this happens, the profit potential of selling the music may be substantially diminished. Because of its monetary implications, intellectual property it is often used as a legal term to safeguard the rights of creators and inventors. It has also become increasingly important to media production companies who need to protect the distribution of their digital media. By defining and establishing intellectual property rights, innovators and creators can have legal protection of their ideas and creations. This may be done by copyrighting written works, applying for patents for inventions, and trademarking brands, names, and logos. Of course, the sooner these legal steps are taken, the safer is it. After all, it is much easier to protect an idea before it is stolen than after someone else takes it!
Copyright:Copyright is a legal means of protecting an author's work. It is a type of intellectual property that provides exclusive publication, distribution, and usage rights for the author. This means whatever content the author created cannot be used or published by anyone else without the consent of the author. The length of copyright protection may vary from country to country, but it usually lasts for the life of the author plus 50 to 100 years.Many different types of content can be protected by copyright. Examples include books, poems, plays, songs, films, and artwork. In modern times, copyright protection has been extended to websites and other online content. Therefore, any original content published on the Web is protected by copyright law. This is important in the digital age we live in, since large amounts of content can be easily copied and pasted.So how do you obtain copyright protection? Fortunately, in most countries, copyright protection is automatic. This means whenever you publish original content, it is automatically protected by copyright law. For example, if you post a blog on the Internet, your content is automatically covered by copyright. In most cases, this type of copyright protection is all that is necessary. However, if you want others to know your content is copyright protected, you can post the copyright logo (©) next to your name on any Web pages that include your original content. You may also want to include the years you have owned the content. Below is an example of a copyright line: Copyright © 2007-2009 [your name/company name].In situations where it is critical to protect an author's rights, many countries provide copyright registration, which allows authors to register copyrighted content with a central agency. This makes it easier to prove ownership of content if it is ever disputed.Copyright provides a helpful means of protecting original content. It serves to give people credit for the work they do, which is something we can all appreciate. Therefore, if you ever consider copying someone else's content, think of how it would make you feel if someone copied your original work and published it as their own. If you ever would like to use another person's content, make sure to ask the author for permission first. And always give credit where credit is due.
Trademark: A trademark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, business organization, or other legal entity to identify that the products or services to consumers with which the trademark appears originate from a unique source, and to distinguish its products or services from those of other entities.A trademark may be designated by the following symbols:
- ™ (for an unregistered trade mark, that is, a mark used to promote or brand goods)
- ℠ (for an unregistered service mark, that is, a mark used to promote brand services)
- ® (for a registered trademark)
A trademark is typically a name, word, phrase, logo, symbol, design, image, or a combination of these elements. There is also a range of non-conventional trademarks comprising marks which do not fall into these standard categories, such as those based on color, smell, or sound.The owner of a registered trademark may commence legal proceedings for trademark infringement to prevent unauthorized use of that trademark. However, registration is not required. The owner of a common law trademark may also file suit, but an unregistered mark may be protectable only within the geographical area within which it has been used or in geographical areas into which it may be reasonably expected to expand.Whereas patents and copyrights are basically used to protect the commercial rights of inventors and creators of artistic or literary works, respectively, the basic concept behind a trademark or service mark is to prevent unfair competition.Trademark law protects you, the owner, from competitors stealing your identity or using a name or symbol so similar that it could cause confusion for your clients or customers. By identifying a product or Pservice’s source, a trademark or service mark also serves to protect consumers from deception. Trademarks are registered for specific goods or services within individual subjects known as classes. It is possible for others to register identical or similar marks as long as it is in a diferent unconnected class. For example Swan rental cars, Swan matches and Swan Electricals. These are 45 classes to choose from.
thics: The Science of Morals in human conduct is called ethics. Morals are concerned with the goodness or badness of character. The principles of what is right and what is wrong is called moral.
Gaming Ethics:
Video games are widely played for entertainment and amusement; in addition, they can act as aid in relieving stress. Due to advancing technology, video games have envolved and grown into a large empire impacting those within this realm. Thus many ethical issues are brought to our attention due to this development. As a result, we should recognize how new video games are ethically affecting people who play them.
The ethical issues of video gaming that influence many people, include: Violence, Education, Stereotyping against women, community and addiction. Ultimately, each topic is linked to violence involved in video games.
It is the player's responsibility to be aware of the negative effects of video gaming. However, the gaming industry should also take part in some social responsibilities as well. what they develop and sell can affect the people positively or negavtively. For this reason, both the gamers and the gaming industry should acknowledge the ethical issues regarding video gaming, and both need to address need to address these ethical concerns accordingly.
Although video games can have many positivities, they can also affect gamers in a harmful way.
Basically, Gaming Ethics consist of following ethical issues:
Violence
Rating
Education
Stereotyping
Addiction
Violence
Violent video game is a massive debate, often center on topics such as video game graphic violence, sex and sexism, violent and gory scenes, partial or full nudity, portrayal of criminal behavior, racism, and other provocative and objectionable material. Video games have been studied for links to addiction and aggression. It can be agreed that enganing in video games does have many ethical conerns. Through violence, there are many games involving violent acts as well as other content related to violence. This may lead people to believe that playing these types of video games can cause a person to be more violent.
Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents is an indispensable tool for parents and professionals who want to have important knowledge to make wise decisions about video game use in the lives of children and teens. One of the most exasperating challenges about trying to communicate about the negative effects of violent video games is that well-intentioned adults often say: But the verdict is not in yet on whether violent video game play is all that harmful. Video games are too new to have acquired any compelling data.
Ratings
The Pan-European Game Information (PEGI) age rating system was established to help European parents make informed decisions on buying computer games. It was launched in spring 2003 and replaced a number of national age rating systems with a single system now used throughout most of Europe.
Through the rating of games, it helps the parent of young children to pick the right game for kids. Though, others are concerned that this rating system doesn’t prevent people from acquiring video games that are considered to be inappropriate for their ages. Which is true, in 2010, the Supreme Court (in US) decided to hear a case about the criminalisation of the sale of violent video games to children, but luckily this bill didn’t pass.
Education
Through the education perspective, there are different things gaming can teach us, some are positive while others are negative.
Educational video games are considered a type of serious game, as these games have a strong purpose other than pure entertainment. Some people call these types of games edutainment because they combine education and entertainment. An educational computer game can be defined as an electronic medium with all the characteristics of a gaming environment that have intended educational outcomes targeted at specific groups of learners.
Stereotyping
The video game industry focuses towards men more than women, therefore, many people think it is stereotyping against women. This is true whoever, men do play more games then women, however game developers do add the woman side to it, being it; able to create a woman character stereotyping if games add an experience towards both genders rather than justone.
Addiction
Lastly, through addiction, participating in a long amount of time in a video game has caused people to be addicted to it. As a result, they lose valuable time within their communities and miss opportunities from other activities that could be more beneficial for them. This is one of major concerns that the video game industry is having, the problem being is that they want people to enjoy their games a lot, but then addiction comes and they don’t want that, otherwise a lot of health claims come along, so the ideal game is something that’s fun, yet not addicting.
